

Rose MR, Charlesworth B (1981) Genetics of life history in Drosophila melanogaster. Rose MR (1982) Antagonistic pleiotropy, dominance, and genetic variation.
COCCINELLIDA DEFENSIVE MECHANISM TRIAL
Pough FH, Brower LP, Meck HR, Kessell SR (1973) Theoretical investigations of automimicry: multiple trial learning and the palatability spectrum.

Pasteels JM, Deroe C, Tursch B, Braekman JC, Daloze D, Hootele C (1973) Distribution et activites des alcaloides defensifs des Coccinellidae. Quantitative genetic analysis of the female life history. Møller H, Smith RH, Sibly RM (1989) Evolutionary demography of a bruchid beetle. Meuller RH, Thompson ME, DiPardo RM (1984) Stereo-and regioselective total synthesis of the hydropyrido quinolizine ladybug defensive alkaloids. Maynard-Smith J (1982) Evolution and the Theory of Games. Marples NM, Brakefield PM, Cowie RJ (1989) Differences between the 7-spot and 2-spot ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) in their toxic effects on a bird predator. Ph D thesis: University of Wales College of Cardiff Marples NM (1990) The influence of predation on ladybird colour pattern. Malcolm SB, Brower LP (1989) Evolutionary and ecological implications of cardenolide sequestration in the monarch butterfly. Malcolm SB (1990) Mimicry: status of a classical evolutionary paradigm. Slough, England: Richmond Publishing Co Ltd Luckinbill LS, Arking R, Clare MJ, Cirocco WC, Buck SA (1984) Selection for delayed senescence in Drosophila melanogaster. Kay D, Rothschild M, Aplin R (1969) Particles present in the haemolymph and defensive secretions of insects. Amount of reflex fluid, the alkaloid adaline and individual variation in defence in 2-spot ladybirds ( Adalia bipunctata). Funct Ecol 4:289–294ĭe Jong PW, Holloway GJ, Brakefield PM, de Vos H (1991) Chemical defence in ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae). Holloway GJ, Sibly RM, Povey SR (1990b) Evolution in toxin stressed environments. Holloway GJ, Povey SR, Sibly RM (1990a) The effect of new environment on adapted genetic architecture. Hollande CH (1911) L'autohémorrhée ou le rejet du sang chez les insectes (toxicologie du sang).

Hemptinne JL (1988) Ecological requirements for hibernating Propylea quatuordecimpuntata (L.) and Coccinella septempunctata (Col: Coccinellidae). Happ GM, Eisner T (1961) Hemorrhage in a coccinellid beetle and its repellent effect on ants.

Guilford T, Nicol C, Rothschild M, Moore BP (1987) The biological roles of pyrazines: evidence for a warning odour function. Guilford T (1988) The evolution of conspicuous coloration. Gibson DO (1974) Batesian mimicry without distastefulness. Oxford: Oxford University Pressįrazer JFD, Rothschild M (1960) Defence mechanisms in warningly coloured moths and other insects. London: Longmanįisher RA (1930) The Genetical Theory of Natural selection. Experientia 42:204–207įalconer DS (1981) Introduction to Quantitative Genetics (2nd ed). Biol Zentrallblatt 47:556–569Įisner T, Goetz M, Aneshansley D, Ferstandig-Arnold G, Meinwald J (1986) Defensive alkaloid in blood of Mexican bean beetle ( Epilachna varivestis). London: Granada Publishingĭobzhansky Th, Sivertzev-Dobzhansky NP (1927) Die geographische Variabilität von Coccinella septempunctata L. Archs Zool exp gén 4:655–680ĭavidson BS, Eisner T, Witz B, Meiwald J (1989) Defensive secretions of the carabid beetle Pasimachus subsulcatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 66:1059–1066Ĭuenot L (1896) Sur la saignée réflexe et les moyens de défense de quelques insectes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 57:893–898īrower LP, Pough FH, Meck HR (1970) Theoretical investigations of automimicry. London: Academic Pressīrower LP, Brower JVZ, Corvino JM (1967) Plant poisons in a terrestrial food chain. Pp 109–132 in Vane-Wright RI & Ackery PR (eds) The Biology of Butterflies. Biol J Linn Soc 24:189–206īrower LP (1984) Chemical defence in butterflies. Biol J Linn Soc 26:243–267īrakefield PM (1985b) Differential winter mortality and seasonal selection in the polymorphic ladybird Adalia bipunctata (L.) in the Netherlands. New York: Oxford University Pressīrakefield PM (1985a) Polymorphic Müllerian mimicry and interactions with thermal melanism in ladybirds and a soldier beetle: a hypothesis. Pp 83–131 in Dawkins R & Ridley M (eds) Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, Vol 3. Washington: Washington State Universityīell G, Koufopanou V (1986) The cost of reproduction.
COCCINELLIDA DEFENSIVE MECHANISM MANUAL
Heterocycles 7:685–707īecker WA (1967) Manual of Quantitative Genetics (3rd ed). Ayer WA, Browne LM (1977) The ladybug alkaloids including synthesis and biosynthesis.
